Performance Royalties Deep Dive
Every way performance royalties are generated and collected.
Broadcast vs Streaming vs Live
Broadcast generates the largest checks from radio and TV, tracked by cue sheets and BMI/ASCAP reports. Streaming comes from Spotify, Apple Music, and YouTube—often smaller per-play but massive volume. Live royalties come from venues, clubs, and concert halls reporting setlists to PROs.
How PROs Track Performances
PROs use census data (detailed cue sheets) for broadcast and partnerships with platforms for streaming. For live, venues submit setlists monthly. Accuracy depends on metadata—correct songwriter names, splits, and ISWC codes ensure proper attribution and payment.
Sampling and Surveys
Radio stations report all plays via BMI/ASCAP surveys, not complete lists. This creates sampling variance—a song played 10 times might count as 100 based on the survey multiplier. Streaming provides near-100% reporting, making it more transparent.
International Performance Royalties
Every country has a collecting society—SACEM in France, PRS in the UK, SOCAN in Canada. Register with international societies through your PRO or directly. International performance royalties often exceed domestic ones for global artists, making registration critical.